Encoding & Utility Guides

Reference guides for Base64, Base94, BCD, character encoding, check digits, UUIDs, and message representation.
General

Character Encoding Explained: ASCII, EBCDIC, Hex & Binary

Understand character encoding fundamentals — ASCII table, EBCDIC in banking systems, hexadecimal and binary representations, and encoding compatibility issues.
7 min read
General

BCD (Binary Coded Decimal): Packed, Unpacked & Financial Messages

A practical guide to BCD encoding — packed vs unpacked formats, usage in ISO 8583 financial messages, and conversion between BCD and hexadecimal.
6 min read
General

Check Digits: Luhn Algorithm, Mod 10 & Validation Methods

How check digit algorithms work — Luhn formula step by step, Mod 10 and Mod 9 variants, credit card validation, and IMEI verification.
6 min read
General

Base94 Encoding: Compact Data Representation

Understand Base94 encoding — how it differs from Base64, the full printable ASCII character set, compression efficiency, and practical use cases.
5 min read
General

UUID Generation: v1, v4, v5 & When to Use Each

Everything about UUIDs — version differences, randomness guarantees, collision probability, and choosing the right UUID version for databases and APIs.
6 min read
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